隨著理學正統的確立，近世中國文人文化經歷了一場從古文到道德修養的典範轉移。蒙元統治者將作為理學經典的四書納為科舉考試的核心內容，自此理學主導了明清中國的精英文化。然而，歷史上首次接受少數民族統治的江南卻見證了一股逆流：南方士人的關注點從道德修養回歸到更廣泛的文化興趣，學習內容也從簡化的四書轉向對國家實用事務各領域的全面研習。這種另類的儒學學術形態，既契合蒙元統治者多元開放的心態和務實精神，又得到地方社會的支持，為在元朝處於邊緣地位的南士開闢了進入仕途或從事文化職業的途徑。本文考察蒙元王朝東南部地區從理學正統到古文之學這一被學界忽視的轉變，並揭示理學正統形成之初所受到的批評。

Abstract: A paradigm shift from culturalist pursuits to moralist cultivation characterized premodern Chinese literati culture with the establishment of Neo-Confucianism as state orthodoxy. The Mongols adopted the Neo-Confucian learning of the Four Books as the core of the civil examination system, thereby perpetuating its dominance in late imperial Chinese elite culture. However, South China, which was conquered by non-Han ethnicity for the first time in imperial history, witnessed a countercurrent—a shift from the moralist focus back to a broader cultural one, and from the simplified Four Books to a comprehensive learning of various fields considered practical for state affairs. This alternative version of Confucian learning, which aligned with the Mongols’ pluralism and pragmatism and was supported by local society, provided opportunities for southerners—who were otherwise discriminated against under Mongol rule—to pursue official or professional careers. This article examines the conversion from Neo-Confucian orthodoxy to the Learning of Antiquity in the southeastern part of the Mongol empire, a transition neglected in existing scholarship, and unfolds early criticisms against Neo-Confucian orthodoxy.

About the Journal 期刊介紹

Nuova Rivista Storica (NRS) is a leading peer-reviewed journal dedicated to comprehensive historical studies. Founded in 1917, it has grown into a long-established and highly respected journal in historical scholarship, serving as a vital international platform that bridges European historiographical traditions with global scholarly dialogue.

The journal provides comprehensive coverage of all historical periods and fields, from antiquity to the present day, with particular emphasis on deepening core historical traditions, innovating in frontier interdisciplinary fields, and advancing global and comparative perspectives—all focused on profound interpretations of historical structures, major transformations, and their contemporary relevance.

Nuova Rivista Storica（《新歷史評論》，簡稱NRS）是一份業內領先的同行評審期刊，致力於全面的歷史研究。該刊創辦於1917年，歷經發展，已成為歷史學術界一份歷史悠久且廣受推崇的期刊，是連接歐洲史學傳統與全球學術對話的重要國際平台。

本刊全面涵蓋從古至今的所有歷史時期與領域，尤其著重於深化核心歷史傳統，在前沿跨學科領域開拓創新，以及推進全球與比較視野——所有這些皆聚焦於對歷史結構、重大轉型及其當代意義的深刻闡釋。

Indexing and Abstracting 索引與數據庫收錄

Clarivate Arts & Humanities Citation Index; ERIH PLUS; EBSCO Information Services; Google Scholar; and national databases including AIDA, BSN, and ACNP. Reviews are openly accessible via http://Recensio.net