西南交通大學人文學院哲學所2019級碩士研究生薛聰順利通過學位論文答辯

2022年5月15日，西南交通大學人文學院哲學所中國哲學專業2019級碩士研究生薛聰同學順利通過學位論文答辯。學位論文題目為《用話語語言學校讀帛書<老子>舉隅》（Examples of critical readings of the silk manuscript Laozi with methods of discourse linguistics），論文中英文摘要及关键词如下：

【摘要】

話語語言學又稱篇章語言學,專門研究大於單個句子的連貫性話語，主要關注連貫性話語的句際關係、連接手段以及語義中心。《老子》一書篇幅短小，常被分為不同的章，幾乎每一章都有明確的主題，非常適合從話語語言學角度來分析、研究。論文以帛書《老子》第三十九章、六十三章、六十四章、六十五章、七十一章（今本第六十九章）、七十七章（今本第七十五章）、七十八章（今本第七十六章）等七章為主要研究對象，從話語語言學的角度論衡古注，剖析今解，對其中尚有爭議的問題進行了深入探討，詳前人之所略。此外，根據話語語言學的提示，論文提出了一些新解，分別是：帛書本第三十九章“侯王得一而以為天下正”之“正”當讀作“政”，意即“侯王得一能夠以之為天下之政教”；六十三章“大小，多少，抱怨以德”應理解為“無論聖人遭受到多少怨恨，聖人都保持其天性，以此自然無為之德作為回應”；第六十五章“玄德深矣，遠矣，與物反矣，乃至大順”之“與”字是動詞，意即“作為本性的玄德看似深而不可測，遠而不可及，但它能幫助萬物復歸於本原之道，然後可以達到順於天道之治世。”第七十八章“兵強則不勝，木強則恒”之“恒”字當從傳世本作“共”，“共”通“攻”，意即“用兵過於驕矜橫暴，往往會因為輕敵而不能取得勝利。樹木過於強壯茂盛，往往會因自己用處頗多而遭到砍伐”。

研究表明，話語語言學可以在校勘和注釋兩方面推進《老子》的研究。通過理清上下文關係，可以揭示《老子》中某些文字錯誤，進而深化本校法的運用；從語義連貫性的角度出發，可以評析歷代《老子》注疏，進而選擇或作出更符合上下文語義的理解。相比於其他方法，話語語言學的新穎之處即是立足連貫性、整體性的角度去考察某一字詞在上下文語境中是否恰當。由此可知，話語語言學不僅可以用於研究《老子》，也可以用來研究其他古籍。

【關鍵詞】話語語言學；句際關係；連接手段；帛書《老子》

Abstract：

Discourse Linguistics, also known as Text linguistics, is a branch of linguistics specialized in the study of coherent discourse beyond a single sentence, focusing on the relationship between sentences, means of connection and the semantic center of a coherent discourse. The Laozi is a short classic, which is usually divided into different chapters. Because almost each chapter has a definite theme, the text is very suitable for analysis by using discourse linguistics. This paper mainly studies seven chapters of the Silk Manuscript Laozi: Chapter 39, Chapter 63, Chapter 64, Chapter 65, Chapter 71 (equivalent to Chapter 69 of the current version), Chapter 77 (equivalent to Chapter 75 of the current version) and Chapter 78 (equivalent to Chapter 76 of the current version). From the perspective of discourse linguistics, this paper thoroughly discusses the controversial issues in ancient and modern commentaries, so as to expound in more detail the views expressed by previous commentators. In addition, inspired by discourse linguistics, this paper advances some new viewpoints. For example, in chapter 39, the word “zheng正” in the sentence“Hou wang de yi er yi wei tian xia zheng 侯王得一而以為天下正” (Lords and princes in virtue of the One become leaders in the empire. -translated by D. C. Lau) should be read as“zheng 政”, and the sentence means“When Lords and princes possessed the One, they could use it to govern .”In chapter 63, the sentence“Da xiao, duo shao, bao yuan yi de 大小，多少，抱怨以德”（Make the small big and the few many ;do good to him who has done you an injury. -translated by D. C. Lau）should be understood as“No matter how much resentment the saints experienced, they retained their nature and responded by non-action.”In chapter 65, the word“yu 與”in the sentence “Xuan de shen yi, yuan yi, yu wu fan yi, nai zhi da shun 玄德深矣，遠矣，與物反矣，乃至大順” (Mysterious virtue is profound and far-reaching,But when things turn back it turns back with them.Only then is complete conformity realized. -translated by D. C. Lau ) is a verb, so the sentence means“The mysterious power, as the nature, seems deep and unfathomable, far and unreachable. However it can help all things return to the original Way, and then achieve a perfect society that is obedient to the Way of heaven.” In chapter 78, the word “heng 恒” in the sentence “Bing qiang ze bu sheng mu qiang ze heng 兵強則不勝，木強則恒” (Therefore a weapon that is strong will not vanquish; A tree that is strong will suffer the axe. -translated by D. C. Lau) should be read as “gong 共” on the authority of the current version. As“gong 共” and “gong 攻” (cut down) are often interchangeable, the sentence means“Excessive arrogance and brutality in the use of weapons often result in failure to win because of contempt of the enemy. Trees that are too strong and luxuriant are often cut down because they have many uses.”

My study shows that discourse linguistics can advance both the collation and annotation of the Laozi. By clarifying the relationship between sentences, discourse linguistics can help to collate textual errors, and then advance the method of collating by virtue of internal evidence. From the perspective of semantic coherence, we can analyze the annotations of the Laozi of different periods, and then choose or propose an understanding that is more consistent with the semantic context. Compared with other approaches, the novelty of discourse linguistics is to examine whether certain words are appropriate within a certain context from the perspective of coherence and the whole text. Therefore, discourse linguistics can be used to study not only the Laozi, but also other ancient texts.

Key words：Discourse Linguistics; Relationship among sentences; Means of connection; the Silk Manuscript Laozi

薛聰同學的碩士導師呂鵬志是西南交通大學人文學院教授、中國宗教研究中心主任。未來四年，他將師從呂教授在西南交通大學中國語言文學系攻讀古典文獻學專業博士學位。

（供稿：薛聰）